1'IB  RAR.Y 

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OF    ILLINOIS' 


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AGRICULTURE 


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UNIVERSITY    OF    ILLINOIS    LIBRARY    AT    URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


L161— O-1096 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


BULLETIN  No.  290 


BY  F.  F.  WEINARD  and  H.  B.  DORNER 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS,  MAY,  1927 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  EXPERIMENT 457 

DISCUSSION  OF  RESULTS 458 

CONCLUSIONS  AND  RECOMMENDATIONS 462 

REFERENCES..  .  463 


ROSA  ODORATA  AS  A  GRAFTING  STOCK 
FOR  INDOOR  ROSES 

By  F.  F.  WEINARD,  Associate  in  Floricultural  Physiology,  and 
H.  B.  DORNER,  Chief  in  Floriculture 

Florists  recently  have  shown  increasing  interest  in  possible  substi- 
tutes for  Rosa  manetti,  used  for  many  years  as  the  principal  grafting 
stock  for  greenhouse  roses.  Rosa  odorata  in  particular  has  frequently 
been  mentioned  and  has  been  used  to  some  extent  for  this  purpose. 
There  has  been  conflicting  evidence  as  to  the  value  of  R.  odorata, 
however,  and  for  this  reason  comparative  tests  with  the  two  stocks 
were  arranged  at  this  Station.  The  results  of  a  three-year  test  with 
the  Columbia  variety  and  a  one-year  test  with  ten  other  varieties  of 
forcing  roses  are  given  in  this  bulletin. 

Rosa  manetti  was  raised  from  seed  by  Signer  Manetti  of  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  Milan,  and  imported  from  Italy  into  England  by 
Thomas  Rivers  about  1835. x  Rosa  manetti  stocks  used  in  the  United 
States  up  to  the  present  time  have  been  imported  almost  entirely  from 
England  and  France. 

In  spite  of  its  undoubted  utility,  Rosa  manetti  has  not  proved  en- 
tirely suitable  as  a  stock  for  all  varieties  of  forcing  roses.  Souvenir  de 
Claudius  Fernet  on  R.  manetti,  for  example,  may  show  a  tendency  to 
part  at  the  grafts  and  to  go  dormant.8  This  general  incompatibility  of 
R.  manetti  with  the  yellow  roses  results  in  low  yields  of  inferior  qual- 
ity when  such  unions  are  attempted.  The  search  for  possible  substi- 
tutes for  R.  manetti  which  may  be  more  adaptable  to  forcing  roses  has 
been  further  stimulated  by  the  possibility  that  the  foreign  supply  of 
R.  manetti  may  be  cut  off  some  time  in  the  future  by  an  extension  of 
Quarantine  Number  37.2 

The  variety  most  promising  at  present  as  a  possible  successor  to 
Rosa  manetti  as  a  forcing  stock  for  indoor  roses  is  Rosa  odorata.  This 
rose  was  collected  in  China  by  Mr.  Frank  N.  Meyer,  agricultural  ex- 
plorer of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.5  It  was  received  at  the  Plant 
Introduction  Garden,  Chico,  California,  March  16,  1908,  at  which  time 
it  was  given  the  number  S.  P.  I.  22449.  Mr.  Meyer  wrote  of  the  rose 
as  follows:  "Said  to  be  a  beautiful,  yellow  rambler  rose,  flowering  with 
an  abundance  of  flowers.  Obtained  from  the  garden  of  the  American 
Presbyterian  Mission  in  Pautingfu,  who  procured  it  from  a  Chinese 
nurseryman." 

455 


456  .     BULLETIN  No.  290  {May, 

According  to  Mr.  Peter  Bisset,5  plant  introducer,  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  "The  rose,  on  flowering  did  not  produce  yellow 
flowers  and  hence  the  description  sent  did  not  correspond,  and  after 
growing  the  rose  for  a  few  years  and  finding  out  that  it  really  made 
a  valuable  rose  stock,  it  was  decided  to  give  it  a  new  Seed  and  Plant 
Introduction  number  and  a  new  description.  This  was  done  and  S.  P. 
I.  number  44426  was  assigned." 

Government  propagators  found  that  ordinary  cuttings  of  young 
wood  of  Rosa  odorata  rooted  and  grew  readily,4  those  put  on  an  ordi- 
nary propagating  bench  giving  a  strike  of  90  to  96  percent.  Further,  it 
was  found  that  young  canes  5  to  8  feet  long  could  be  budded  and  then 
made  into  cuttings  after  the  buds  had  united,  or  canes  could  be  cut 
into  lengths  and  used  as  stocks  for  grafting.  When  such  grafts  were 
placed  in  a  "sweat"  box  at  75°  to  80°  F.,  the  cuttings  rooted  and  the 
grafts  grew  simultaneously.  As  many  as  90  percent  of  the  cuttings 
thus  made  developed. 

Wood  from  this  stock  was  disseminated  by  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture  to  growers  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  In  one  of 
the  first  reports,  from  California,12  the  rose  was  declared  to  be  an  ac- 
quisition of  great  promise,  hardy,  vigorous,  and  above  all  easy  to  root. 
Grafts  made  on  cuttings  in  January  will  make  salable  plants  in  one 
season  in  the  field.14 

In  the  discussion  which  arose  subsequently  among  growers  as  to 
the  identity  of  the  new  stock,  no  definite  conclusion  was  reached.  The 
suggestion  of  several  growers5' 8>  9>  "• 15  seems  fair,  however,  that  the 
strain  of  Rosa  odorata  more  recently  introduced  into  the  United  States 
may  possess  botanical  and  cultural  characteristics  differentiating  it 
from  other  similar  forms.10 

A  fault  ascribed  to  Rosa  odorata,  or  to  forms  with  which  it  is  said 
to  be  similar,  is  that  of  suckering  badly  in  the  field.  Varieties  with 
the  suckering  habit  do  not  make  suitable  stocks  for  garden  roses.  Such 
varieties  not  only  cause  increased  labor  for  the  nurseryman  but,  what 
is  more  important,  the  entire  displacement  of  scion  by  the  stock  is 
likely  to  result. 

Several  prominent  growers,  however,  have  observed  Rosa  odorata 
(S.  P.  I.  22449)  in  the  field  and  particularly  in  the  greenhouse,  and 
have  detected  no  tendency  toward  suckering  or  other  objectionable 
growth  habits.  On  the  contrary,  according  to  Mr.  E.  G.  Hill,6' 7- 9>  13> 15 
the  stock  has  given  promise  of  being  very  adaptable  for  use  with  forc- 
ing roses,  especially  the  yellow  varieties.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  under  ex- 
perimental conditions  at  this  Station  this  promise  has  been  fulfilled. 
The  vegetative  growth  and  flowering  of  the  several  varieties  grown  on 
Rosa  odorata  has  been  uniformly  good. 


1927]  ROSA  ODORATA  AS  A  GRAFTING  STOCK  457 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  EXPERIMENT 

A  uniform  lot  of  grafted  Columbia  plants  was  obtained  in  1922 
from  the  E.  G.  Hill  Company,  Richmond,  Indiana.  Approximately 
half  the  plants  were  grafted  on  Rosa  manetti  and  the  remainder  on 
Rosa  odorata.  The  R.  odorata  strain  used  was  that  disseminated 
by  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry.7 

The  soil  in  which  the  plants  were  grown  was  brown  silt  loam  well 
supplied  with  manure  in  the  field.  Dried  blood  and  acid  phosphate 
(applied  at  the  rate  of  5  and  15  pounds  respectively  for  each  100 
square  feet  of  bench)  were  stirred  into  the  soil  before  the  plants  were 
placed. 

The  plants  on  Rosa  manetti  and  on  Rosa  odorata  were  set  in  alter- 
nate rows  on  the  south  bench  of  an  east-and-west  house  in  order  that 
uniform  conditions  for  growth  would  be  insured.  Temperatures  main- 
tained during  the  growing  season  were  58°  F.  at  night  and  68°  during 
the  day,  rising  on  bright  days  as  high  as  78°.  Each  season  in  the  latter 
part  of  June  the  soil  was  allowed  to  dry  until  growth  ceased,  altho  the 
leaves  were  retained.  Late  in  July  the  plants  were  pruned  back,  wa- 
tered, and  allowed  to  resume  growth.  At  this  time  about  an  inch  of 
the  topsoil  was  removed  and  replaced  with  new  soil,  together  with 
dried  blood  and  phosphate  applied  in  the  same  proportions  as  at  the 
beginning  of  the  first  season. 

The  Columbia  plants  were  left  undisturbed  for  two  years.  In  the 
third  season,  in  order  to  test  the  effects  of  altered  soil  and  temperature 
conditions,  about  half  these  plants  were  reset  in  new  soil  at  the  west 
end  of  the  house  and  the  remainder  left  at  the  east  end  of  the  house. 
The  temperature  in  cold  weather  averaged  several  degrees  higher  at 
the  west  end  next  to  the  cross  house  than  in  the  east  end. 

In  1923-24  the  experiment  was  extended  to  include  ten  other  va- 
rieties. For  these  tests  the  plants  were  set  on  four  benches  at  the  west 
end  of  the  house.  Small  blocks  of  each  variety  on  R.  manetti  and 
R.  odorata  respectively  were  planted  on  adjacent  sections  of  bench. 
Cultural  conditions  were  similar  to  those  maintained  in  the  tests  with 
Columbia. 

Since  the  two  stocks  could  be  compared  more  accurately  if  the 
flowers  were  allowed  to  develop  naturally,  no  pinching  of  the  buds 
was  permitted  after  the  middle  of  August.  Records  were  kept  of  the 
productiveness  of  individual  plants,  since  knowledge  of  the  individual 
variations  in  production  would  permit  a  mtfre  accurate  determination 
of  the  value  of  the  results  with  any  given  number  of  plants.  The  meth- 
ods used  in  determining  the  "probable  error"  are  described  by  Babcock 
and  Clausen.3  The  period  of  record  during  which  production  data 
were  taken  extended  from  September  26  to  May  10  inclusive. 


458 


BULLETIN  No.  290 


[May, 


DISCUSSION  OF  RESULTS 

During  the  first  season  the  yield  from  Columbia  was  3.8  flowers 
per  plant  higher  with  Rosa  odorata  than  with  Rosa  manetti  (Table  1). 
In  the  second  season  the  yield  with  R.  manetti  was  the  higher  by 
3.0  flowers  per  plant.  In  the  third  season  there  were  no  differences  in 
the  yields. 

For  the  three-year  period  the  total  yield  from  Columbia  on  R. 
odorata  stocks  was  equal  to  the  yield  on  R.  manetti.  No  differences 
of  practical  importance  were  noted  in  regard  to  stem  lengths,  regard- 
less of  whether  average  stem  lengths  or  flower  grades  were  used  as  the 
basis  for  comparison  (Tables  1  and  2). 


TABLE  1. — FLOWER  PRODUCTION  OF  COLUMBIA  ROSES  ON  R.  manetti  AND 
R.  odorata  STOCKS 


Season 

Manetti 

Odorata 

Number 
of  plants 

Flowers 
per  plant 

Average 
stem  length 

Number 
of  plants 

Flowers 
per  plant 

Average 
stem  length 

1922-23 
(Sept.  18-  Apr.  30)  .  . 

79 

14.86±.31 

inches 
14.56±.08 

83 

18.  61  +  .32 

inches 
15.  10  ±.08 

1923-24 
(Sept.  26-May  10)  .  . 

79 

20.  09+.  41 

15.  73  ±.10 

83 

17.  11  ±.36 

15.  48  ±.08 

1924-25 
(Sept.  24-May  9)  ... 

50 

22.  96  ±.74 

15.  52  ±.08 

50 

22.  16  ±.65 

15.45±.09 

Averages  for  3  years 

19.30 

15.27 

19.29 

15.34 

,  In  forcing  roses  free  flower  production  during  the  winter  months 
is  particularly  important.  The  proportionate  yields  for  each  month 
in  the  season  were  therefore  observed  (Table  3).  The  percentages 


TABLE  2. — FLOWERS  FROM  COLUMBIA  ROSES  ON  R.  manetti  AND  R.  odorata  STOCKS 
GRADED  ACCORDING  TO  STEM  LENGTHS 


Season 

Stock 

Percentages  in  each  grade 

Under  6 
inches 

6  to  12 
inches 

12  to  18 
inches 

18  to  24 
inches 

24  inches 
and  over 

1922-23  

manetti  
odorata  

.1 

20.9 
18.0 

57.2 
58.8 

19.2 
17.8 

2.6 
5.9 

1923-24  

manetti  
odorata  

.1 
.1 

10.5 
14.3 

61.4 
59.4 

23.8 
21.2 

4.2 
5.0 

1924-25  

manetti  
odorata  

0. 
0. 

12.0 
14.4 

60.2 
59.1 

24.2 
20.9 

3.6 
5.6 

Averages  for 
3  years  

manetti  
odorata  

0. 
0. 

14.5 

15.6 

59.6 
59.1 

22.4 
20.0 

3.5 
5.3 

1987] 


ROSA  ODORATA  AS  A  GRAFTING  STOCK 


459 


TABLE  3. — RELATIVE  RATES  OF  FLOWER  PRODUCTION   OF  COLUMBIA  ROSES  ON   R. 
manetti  AND  R.  odorata  STOCKS  BY  MONTHS,  1922-1925 


Season 

Stock 

Percentages  of  total  yields 

Sept.  1   Oct.   1  Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

1922-23  

5.8 

21.8 

8.6 

14.9 

6.2 

11.0 

15.1 

16.6 

1923-24 

odorata  

3.8 

4.6 
3.7 

6.2 
5.6 

24.9 

13.7 
12.2 

10.6 
11.3 

6.9 

21.8 
25.8 

17.3 

14.7 

16.8 

9.3 
9.2 

10.4 
10.4 

7.3 

7.8 
10.8 

8.8 
11.5 

10.7 

11.4 
10.6 

11.1 
10.6 

13.5 

9.1 
9.0 

14.1 
14.8 

16.1 

19.5 
16.0 

14.5 
14.8 

2.8 
2.7 

7.0 
6.3 

1924-25  

odorata  

shown  for  September  and  May  were  low  because  the  period  of  record 
did  not  extend  entirely  thru  these  months.  About  30  percent  of  the 
total  yield  on  R.  manetti  was  produced  from  December  to  February 
inclusive,  while  on  R.  odorata  the  proportion  produced  during  the  win- 
ter months  was  slightly  higher.  From  the  graphs  of  weekly  flower 


TABLE  4. — FLOWER  PRODUCTION  OF  COLUMBIA  ROSES  ON  R.  manetti  AND  R.  odorata 
STOCKS  IN  NEW  AND  OLD  SOIL,  1923-24 


Kind  of  soil 

Stock 

Flowers  per  plant 

Average  stem  length 

26.  67  ±1.18 

inches 
16.03+  .10 

25.29±    .98 

15.80+  .12 

Old  

manetti  

19.54±    .56 

14.89±.12 

odorata  

19.27+    .66 

15.  04  ±.13 

TABLE  5. — FLOWER  PRODUCTION  OF  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  OF  ROSES  ON  .ft.  manetti 
AND  R.  odorata  STOCKS,  1923-24 


Manetti 

Odorata 

Variety 

Number 
of  plants 

Flowers 
per  plant 

Average 
stem  length 

Number 
of  plants 

Flowers 
per  plant 

Average 
stem  length 

Angelus  

12 

17.42+    .61 

inches 
14.33+    .18 

12 

12.58±1.21 

inches 
13.87+    .17 

Butterfly  

20 

15.55+    .67 

14.61+    .14 

20 

18.80+    .81 

15.50±    .12 

Golden  Ophelia  
Hadley  

11 
4 

21.91±1.19 
12.75±1.50 

13.53+    .20 
16.55±    .46 

19 
4 

24.77±1.38 
17.25±1.39 

14.07±    .14 
15.98+    .27 

Milady  

7 

25.57  +  2.02 

10.92±    .18 

10 

30.10±1.75 

12.37+    .13 

Pilgrim  

4 

15.50±1.72 

15.76±    .32 

21 

23.  52  ±1.19 

17.04+    .15 

Premier  

13 

16.38+1.00 

11.32±    .17 

31 

18.45±    .60 

12.04±    .03 

Red  Columbia  
Rosemarie  

12 

8 

21.00±2.23 
18.50+    .53 

13.75±    .16 
13.59+    .19 

12 
8 

21.  83  ±1.16 
21.38±1.71 

14.69±    .16 
14.56+    .17 

White  Ophelia  

11 

21.36+1.02 

13.47±    .14 

12 

17.00+1.05 

14.65±    .22 

460 


BULLETIN  No.  290 


[May, 


ISO 


100- 


1122-23 


Odorata 


9/2+       >%>2 


ISO 


I 


100- 


iz/,7 


2/tl 


1123-24 


t/zo 


fit 


too 


so 


Odorata. 

Ma.nei.Li 


FIG.  1. — FLOWER  PRODUCTION  BY  COLUMBIA  ROSES  ON  R.  odorata  AND  R.  manetti 
STOCKS,  1922-23,  1923-24,  1924-25 

The  rate  of  flower  production  in  the  first  season  was  uniformly  higher  with 
plants  on  R.  odorata  stocks.  Yields  in  the  second  season  were  higher  with  plants 
on  R.  manetti.  The  results  for  the  third  season  showed  no  differences  in  yields. 
The  three-year  total  yields  on  the  two  stocks  were  very  similar,  showing  that 
R.  odorata  may  be  used  as  successfully  as  ./?.  manetti  as  a  grafting  stock  for  forc- 
ing roses. 


1927] 


ROSA  ODORATA  AS  A  GRAFTING  STOCK 


461 


production  (Fig.  1)  it  may  be  seen  that  the  flowering  rates  were  in  gen- 
eral similar  for  plants  on  the  two  kinds  of  stocks. 

Soil  and  temperature  conditions  did  not  affect  the  relative  pro- 
ductiveness of  the  two  groups  of  plants  (Table  4) .  It  is  of  interest  to 
note,  however,  that  flower  production  by  plants  on  new  soil  was  mark- 
edly higher  (about  25  percent)  than  the  average  for  plants  on  old 
soil.  This  difference  may  not  have  been  caused  by  quality  of  soil 
alone,  inasmuch  as  the  new  soil  plot  was  located  at  the  warm  end  of 
the  house,  and  with  Columbia  especially  temperature  may  have  been 
a  factor  of  importance. 

TABLE  6. — RELATIVE  RATES  OF  FLOWER  PRODUCTION   OF  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  OF 
ROSES  ON  R.  manetti  AND  R.  odorata  STOCKS,  BY  MONTHS,  1923-24 


Variety 

Stock 

Percentages  of  total  yields 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

Angelus  

manetti  

.5 
0. 

0. 
.5 

.4 

.8 

0. 
1.5 

.6 
0. 

3.2 
0. 

.9 
1.1 

1.3 
.5 

.4 
.3 

.3 
0. 

31.7 
30.6 

33.6 
32.2 

30.5 
19.6 

25.5 
27.9 

18.4 
17.0 

27.4 
21.7 

26.0 
14.0 

30.0 
25.8 

23.0 
26.1 

35.1 
36.2 

3.8 
9.5 

2.3 
2.6 

16.0 
16.6 

7.8 
7.4 

6.7 
4.7 

3.3 
5.5 

3.8 
2.8 

4.1 
5.6 

6.4 
9.0 

2.6 
4.4 

15.4 
12.1 

11.6 
13.6 

7.4 
8.3 

9.8 
17.7 

14.5 
17.0 

12.8 
12.2 

8.5 
13.6 

13.6 

10.8 

14.3 
10.9 

12.6 

6.8 

5.8 
12.1 

4.5 
4.5 

6.7 
7.5 

7.9 
5.9 

9.0 
5.7 

6.5 
11.2 

15.1 
17.8 

17.0 
8.4 

7.1 
7.0 

4.6 
11.5 

7.2 
3.5 

12.9 
10.6 

5.9 

,8.5 

5.9 

8.8 

14.0 
16.3 

4.9 
5.8 

4.2 
4.2 

4.1 
6.1 

9.9 
9.0 

13.0 

7.8 

14.4 
12.7 

10.6 
12.8 

9.3 
9.4 

9.8 
5.9 

9.5 
9.0 

16.1 
17.7 

13.2 

18.7 

10.9 
17.9 

10.7 
13.6 

8.0 
9.8 

8.7 
11.4 

14.5 
14.4 

17.1 
18.8 

29.4 
17.6 

17.3 
22.6 

16.1 

14.7 

14.6 
17.8 

10.2 
12.2 

21.4 
18.3 

14.3 

14.7 

12.5 
8.1 

10.0 
8.8 

6.7 
10.5 

3.9 
7.3 

10.0 

7.7 

9.7 
11.2 

13.7 
10.0 

8.8 
12.7 

6.8 
5.8 

9.5 

8.8 

Butterfly 

manetti  
odorata  

manetti  
odorata  

Golden  Ophelia  
Hadley  

Milady  
Pilgrim  

odorata  

manetti  
odorata.  

manetti  
odorata  

manetti  
odorata  

Premier  

Red  Columbia.  .... 
White  Ophelia  

odorata  

manetti  
odorata  

manetti  
odorata  

The  results  secured  with  Columbia  roses  were  in  general  upheld 
by  the  results  of  the  test  with  the  other  varieties  (Table  5).  In  the 
latter  experiment,  however,  the  numbers  of  plants  on  a  given  stock  in 
the  different  varieties  were  in  several  cases  comparatively  small,  and 
it  would  be  unwise  to  place  too  much  reliance  on  the  figures  showing 
apparent  differences  in  flower  production  in  these  varieties.  No  con- 
sistent differences  in  flower  production  during  the  winter  months  were 
noted  with  the  different  varieties  on  the  two  stocks  (Table  6) . 

Data  obtained  from  a  number  of  plants  of  Souvenir  de  Claudius 
Fernet  were  not  included  in  Table  5.  Four  plants  of  this  variety 


462  BULLETIN  No.  290 

grafted  on  Rosa  manetti  made  very  poor  vegetative  growth.  Forty- 
four  plants  grafted  on  Rosa  odorata  grew  well  and  flowered  freely.  The 
yields  per  plant  were  7.75  ±  2.08  flowers  and  11.36  ±  .30  flowers,  re- 
spectively. The  corresponding  averages  for  stem  length  were  13.07 ±.40 
inches  and  14.48  ±  .11  inches. 

Rosa  odorata  plants  showred  uniformly  firm  unions  at  the  grafts, 
and  vegetative  growth  was  normal  with  all  varieties  tried.  Suckering 
was  no  more  in  evidence  with  R.  odorata  than  with  plants  on  R.  ma- 
netti. 

CONCLUSIONS  AND  RECOMMENDATIONS 

This  experiment  has  shown  that  Rosa  odorata  may  be  used  as 
successfully  as  Rosa  manetti  as  a  grafting  stock  for  forcing  roses.  On 
the  plants  grown  the  graft  union  was  all  that  could  be  desired.  Under 
greenhouse  conditions  suckering  was  not  pronounced.  The  number  of 
flowers  produced  on  Rosa  odorata  was  as  large  or  larger  than  on  Rosa 
manetti,  and  the  quality  was  equally  good  in  each  case. 

As  a  grafting  stock  for  roses  under  glass  Rosa  odorata  is  recom- 
mended as  worthy  of  wider  trial.  The  most  efficient  method  of  using 
this  stock  on  a  commercial  scale  has  not  been  determined,  but  four 
possible  methods  are  available:  (1)  the  canes  may  be  budded  and,  after 
the  buds  have  united,  may  be  made  into  cuttings  and  rooted.  (2)  The 
canes  may  be  made  into  cuttings  and  the  cuttings  used  immediately  as 
stocks  for  grafting,  the  scions  uniting  as  the  cuttings  form  roots.  (3) 
Plants  may  be  grown  from  cuttings  and  used  for  grafting,  as  is  done 
at  present  with  Rosa  manetti.  (4)  The  stocks  may  be  budded  as  for 
garden  roses  in  the  late  summer,  lifted  as  soon  as  dormant,  and  then 
started  under  glass. 


1927]  ROSA  ODORATA  AS  A  GRAFTING  STOCK  463 


1.  ANON.    The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  75  years  ago.    Gard.  Chron.    76,  ser.  3,  329. 

1924. 

2.  ANON.    Ask  five  years  to  grow  own  manetti.    Florists'  Rev.  56,  no.  1440.  1925. 

3.  BABCOCK,  E.  B.,  and  CLAUSEN,  R.  E.    Genetics  in  relation  to  agriculture.  1918. 

4.  BISSET,  PETER.    Rosa  odorata — of  worth  or  worthless?    Florists  Exch.  57,  245. 

1924. 

5.  —  — .    Rosa  odorata — of  worth  or  worthless?    Florists  Exch.  57,  391. 

1924. 

6.  COOK,  JOHN  A.    Rosa  odorata.    Florists  Exch.  57,  711.    1924. 

7.  DORNER,  H.  B.  Rosa  odorata  opinions.  Florists  Exch.  57,  639.    1924. 

8.  HILL,  E.  G.    More  opinions  about  Rosa  odorata.    Florists  Exch.  57,  468.  1924. 

9.  — .    And  still  more  about  Rosa  odorata.     Florists  Exch.  57,  1942. 

1924. 

10.  MCFARLAND,  J.  HORACE.    Rosa  odorata — of  worth  or  worthless?    Florists  Exch. 

57,  391.     1924. 

11.  —  — .     Rosa  odorata — now  where  are  we?     Florists  Exch.  57,  1245. 

1924. 

12.  ORPET,  E.  O.  The  new  rose  stock.  So.  Florist  16,  no.  9,  1923. 

13.  —  — .     More  opinions  about  Rosa  odorata.     Florists  Exch.  57,  468. 

1924. 

14.  -  — .    Rosa  odorata.    Florists  Exch.  57,  104.    1924. 

15.  TEAS,  EDWARD.    Rosa  odorata — of  worth  or  worthless?    Florists  Exch.  57,  391. 

1924. 


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